文本使用的软件版本分别为：

JDK：1.8.0_291，下载地址。
Hadoop：3.2.2，下载地址。
Hive：3.2.1，下载地址。
MySQL：8.0.25，使用 apt install mysql-server 安装。
MySQL JDBC Connector：8.0.25，下载地址。

按照虚拟环境准备 (Virtual Environment Preparation) 准备虚拟机列表如下：

主机名	IP	角色
vm-01	192.168.56.101	Hadoop MySQL Hive
vm-02	192.168.56.102	Hadoop
vm-03	192.168.56.103	Hadoop

按照 Hadoop 集群搭建 (Hadoop Cluster Setup) 搭建 Hadoop 集群。

MySQL 安装和配置

通过如下命令安装 MySQL：

sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev

安装完毕后，使用如下命令初始化 MySQL：

sudo mysql_secure_installation

在密码安全性校验步骤，输入 N 关闭密码安全性校验：

VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N

输入新密码：

New password: *********
Re-enter new password: *********

在删除匿名用户环节，输入 Y 删除匿名用户：

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

输入 N 允许远程登录 root 用户：

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N

输入 N 保留 test 数据库：

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N

输入 Y 应用设置并生效：

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y

修改 MySQL 配置文件：

sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

将绑定地址替换为 0.0.0.0：

bind-address            = 0.0.0.0
mysqlx-bind-address     = 0.0.0.0

重启 MySQL 服务：

sudo service mysql restart

在本地通过如下命令并输入密码进入 MySQL：

sudo mysql -uroot -p

在 MySQL 命令行中输入如下语句为 root 用户配置允许远程访问：

CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '**********';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

之后在宿主机通过如下命令即可登录虚拟机中的 MySQL：

mysql -h192.168.56.101 -uroot -p

为 Hive 创建数据库和用户，并设置相关权限：

CREATE DATABASE hive;
CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '**********';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON hive.* TO 'hive'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Hive 安装和配置

将 Hive 安装包解压缩到 /opt 目录并创建软链接：

cd /opt
tar -zxvf apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz
ln -s /opt/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin /opt/hive

将如下信息添加到 /etc/profile 中：

# Hive
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

复制环境变量文件：

cp /opt/hive/conf/hive-env.sh.template /opt/hive/conf/hive-env.sh

修改 hive-env.sh 内容如下：

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/conf

创建配置文件：

vi /opt/hive/conf/hive-site.xml

修改 hive-site.xml 内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
    <value>jdbc:mysql://vm-01:3306/hive</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
    <value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
    <value>hive</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
    <value>*********</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

将 MySQL JDBC Connector 解压缩到 /opt/hive/lib 中：

cd /opt
tar -zxvf mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.tar.gz
mv /opt/mysql-connector-java-8.0.25/mysql-connector-java-8.0.25.jar /opt/hive/lib
rm -rf /opt/mysql-connector-java-8.0.25

修正不兼容的依赖包：

mv /opt/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar /opt/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar.bak
mv /opt/hive/lib/guava-19.0.jar /opt/hive/lib/guava-19.0.jar.bak
cp /opt/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-*.jar /opt/hive/lib

初始化元数据：

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

出现如下输出时表示元数据初始化成功：

Metastore connection URL:	 jdbc:mysql://vm-01:3306/hive
Metastore Connection Driver :	 com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User:	 hive
Starting metastore schema initialization to 3.1.0
Initialization script hive-schema-3.1.0.mysql.sql
......
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completed

启动 Hive

执行如下命令启动 Hive：

hive

出现如下输出时表示启动成功：

Hive Session ID = f3edb53b-5037-47c3-b318-75854e2328c5

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive Session ID = 3331472a-a171-47be-843a-378611233f18
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive>